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译文
在薛侯刚开始做县令的时候,宦官抓捕百姓,十分嚣张。荆州城里的良善平民,哭泣着让他们抓走。薛侯年纪不大,又刚刚上任,大家都替他感到危急。薛侯笑着说:“不是这样的。这就是庄子所说的养虎的道理,突然间很饿,它就会去吃人;可如果突然喂得很饱,它将会背靠山角反抗主人。我饿它,又不让它生气;我喂饱它,又不让它狂妄,政策就全在于我把握了。”过了不久,宦官果然接受了约束。等到其他郡城暴动气焰很盛,而荆州就算让那些人动乱也发动不起来。
而在当时,正赶上播州的少数民族叛乱。六部的使者的檄文就像下雨一样纷纷而来,计算家有一亩地的就要受罚,计算家有一个男丁的当壮丁服役。农民在田里哭泣;邮差在路上哭泣。而且荆州离叛乱之地四川很近,沿着沮河的支流顺流而下,百姓都惴惴不安,觉得朝不保夕。薛侯告示父老乡亲说:“大家反正是热锅里的鱼,担心又有什么用呢?”戒除一切纷扰,不得喧嚣。又说,“为什么因为一个小小的叛乱,就要使我们忠诚的子民疲惫不堪啊!”几个征调都压着慢慢讨论,过了不多久,叛乱果然平定了。
我当时正完成使命准备回去,听说他的事情,感慨地说:“现在如果全天下的大小官员都像薛侯这样,就不用为天下太平而担心了。”市井小民没什么见识,看到一两个官吏和宦官相持不下而出手打人,就群起叫好。所以,激发吏民争斗,名声就很传得很开;而协调吏民矛盾,功绩却得不到彰显。我为了追求扩张名声,而没有顾及这样做的危害,这就好比是借着刀锋来宰割东西啊。从古至今,国家的祸害从小人开始制造、而在那些贪图功名的君子那里酿成的情形,十有八九是这样。所以从荆楚、四川制造祸端以来,有识之士的忧虑,有比宦官和少数民族更为深切的。譬如病人希望疾病快一点离开,就专门服用攻克病症的猛药,那个人不是被疾病折磨死的,却是被用药害死的了。现在看看薛侯治理荆州,是激怒矛盾呢,还是调解纠纷呢?即便是薛侯只一天执掌政务,他也不会用贪图功名的药剂去荼毒天下的百姓啊。这是再清楚不过的了。
薛侯这个人,面颊丰满,额头宽广,一看就知道他是伟大的人材。今年秋天,因为管理考务的事情选拔校录全省考生,第一名录取了我的好友李元善;第二名录用了我的弟弟宗郢(袁宗道)。李元善才能见识卓越超绝,他写的文章内容风骨胜过文理辞采,思想的根源非常的幽深透辟,要不是像薛侯一样独具慧眼,是没有人能赏识他的才俊的。我的弟弟文质朴直,温文尔雅,他的文章就像他本人一样,也能够不辱师门。任用这两个士子,共同辅佐一人掌政,到哪里比不上得到五个人才的使用啊?薛侯可谓是对录用士人很神明的了。薛侯的政治业绩,不胜枚举。在这里只大略描述其中重大的几个。大明王朝各方面治理政事的,难道有能够超出薛侯之上的吗?薛侯你就安心上路吧。
唉!倘使阉党在当时不采取激化矛盾的方式,而是采用协调之法,怎么会弄到决裂的地步呢?谁说文人没有不寻常的见识、不能够在事先洞察事情的苗头呢?
注释
①入觐:指地方官员入朝进见帝王。
②珰:汉代宦官帽子上的装饰物,借指宦官。汉代宦官充武职者,其冠用珰和貂尾为饰,故后来用其称宦官。如:珰竖(对宦官的蔑称);珰子(对太监或太监义子的贬称)。